Humboldt Expanding Base Point

This lanceolate point exhibits a size range from medium to large, characterized by a cross-sectional profile that is either elliptical or features a pronounced median ridge. The blade's morphology is marked by an outward recurvature, with a notable flare towards the base, forming a distinctive ear-like shape. In some instances, the shoulders above the ears may be subtly defined, while in others, the blade remains straight until the base begins to flare, creating a more abrupt transition. The basal morphology varies, ranging from concave to notched configurations. The flaking pattern typically displays an oblique transverse arrangement, although some examples may exhibit a more randomized flaking pattern, deviating from this classic motif.

The dimensions of the arrowheads are characterized by the following measurements: overall length ranges from 25 to 125 mm, with a typical average length of 35 to 45 mm. The maximum width of the blade spans 14 to 32 mm, while the basal width measures between 18 and 31 mm. Additionally, the basal concavity is observed to be between 3 and 7 mm, and the thickness of the arrowhead is recorded as 6 to 11 mm.

This style is prevalent across the Great Basin region and stretches into the Colorado Plateau area (red). Humboldt type points also reach into California's coastal areas, where they are referred to by names such as Mendocino Concave and Buchanan Eared (yellow)

The emergence of Humboldt points on the Colorado Plateau is a phenomenon that occurred over a relatively brief period, spanning from approximately 7,300 to 6,800 years before present (B.P.), as noted by Berry and Berry in 1986. Notably, the Triple T variant, characterized by its wider blade and concaved base, is considered the oldest form of Humboldt point, according to Thomas's research in 1983. Initially, it was believed that Humboldt points could be distinguished from McKean points based on their flaking patterns, with McKean points exhibiting primarily collateral style flaking and Humboldt points displaying an oblique transverse style. However, Hattori's 1982 study revealed that Humboldt points can also exhibit random style flaking, which complicates this distinction.

The flaking pattern on Humboldt points is not always consistent, and this variability underscores the complexity of their classification. While oblique transverse flaking is a characteristic often associated with Humboldt points, it is not a universal trait, and the presence of random style flaking can make it challenging to differentiate them from other point types, such as McKean. Despite these challenges, the study of Humboldt points remains crucial for understanding the technological and cultural developments of the regions in which they were used.

The potential continuity of Humboldt points into the Fremont culture is a topic of interest, with some researchers suggesting that these points may have been repurposed as knives. This hypothesis highlights the adaptability and resourcefulness of the cultures that created and utilized these points, and further study is needed to fully elucidate the role of Humboldt points in the broader context of Native American technological and cultural evolution. By examining the characteristics and distribution of Humboldt points, archaeologists can gain valuable insights into the lives and traditions of the people who crafted and used these artifacts, ultimately enriching our understanding of the region's rich cultural heritage.