Named stone
Pitkin chert
Also called Pitkin Formation chert, Pitkin Limestone chert
A kind of chert (and flint)
Pitkin chertChert (and flint)OzarksDescription
Pitkin chert comes from the Pitkin Limestone (Pitkin Formation), a Late Mississippian unit of the Ozark Plateaus in northern Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma, named for exposures near the Pitkin post office in Washington County, Arkansas. The Arkansas Geological Survey describes the formation as an oolitic, fossil-rich limestone with only minor chert near its top or bottom. Even so, the chert travelled. In Mississippi, Dalton points are occasionally of Pitkin chert from northwest Arkansas, it is one of the distant stones well represented among Scallorn arrow points, and some Nodena points at the Oliver site in Coahoma County are of it. In Missouri, at least one Sedgwick fluted point of exotic Pitkin chert was found near the Current and Jacks Fork rivers.
Geology
Pitkin Limestone/Formation, Late Mississippian: usually a fine- to coarse-grained oolitic, bioclastic limestone with black shale interbeds in the east; minor chert sometimes near the top or bottom. Fossils include crinoids, brachiopods, bryozoans (Archimedes is a good marker), corals, cephalopods and shark teeth. A thin edge to over 400 feet thick, averaging about 50 feet in the west and 200 feet in the east (Arkansas Geological Survey).
Where it comes from
Ozarks
Quarries and outcrops
- Pitkin Limestone outcrops, Ozark Plateaus of northern Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma (Arkansas Geological Survey)
- Type locality near Pitkin post office, Washington County, Arkansas
Used by
- Paleoindian: Sedgwick (Folsom-like) point of exotic Pitkin chert, southeast Missouri (Ray, Missouri Archaeological Society)
- Late Paleoindian / Early Archaic: occasional Dalton points in Mississippi (McGahey 2000)
- Late Woodland to Mississippian: Scallorn points in Mississippi (McGahey 2000)
- Late prehistoric to protohistoric: Nodena points at the Oliver site, Coahoma County, Mississippi (McGahey 2000)
Look-alikes
Stones that are easy to confuse with Pitkin chert.
- Boone chert (northwest Arkansas): McGahey says some Oliver site Nodena points are Pitkin "and possibly Boone" chert
Sources
- Arkansas Geological Survey (Office of the State Geologist). Mississippian Period of the Ozark Plateaus in Arkansas: Pitkin Limestone/Formation.geology.arkansas.gov (opens in a new tab)
- McGahey, Samuel O. 2000. Mississippi Projectile Point Guide. Archaeological Report No. 31. Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson.mdah.ms.gov (opens in a new tab)
- Ray, Jack H. To the Point: Sedgwick. Missouri Archaeological Society.missouriarchaeologicalsociety.org (opens in a new tab)
Points made from this stone
NodenaLate Mississippian550–350 B.P. (A.D. 1400–1600; Bell 1958, in Cambron and Hulse 1975)
ScallornLate Prehistoric (Texas); Late Woodland to early Mississippian (Missouri)1,250–650 B.P. (Austin phase, A.D. 700–1300; Prewitt 1981; Ricklis 1996); Suhm and Krieger (1954) estimated A.D. 700–1500; southwest Missouri radiocarbon dates about A.D. 750–770 (Fuller)